It efficiently delivers a monophosphate nucleic acid analog into the cell and further undergoes an active transformation, and selectively inhibits RdRp [26]. there is a great scope for further research in discovering cost-effective and safer therapeutics, vaccines and strategies to ensure equitable access to COVID-19 prevention and treatment services. strong class=”kwd-title” Keywords: coronavirus, genome, diagnosis, therapy, vaccine, Antigen test, BCG, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction 1.?Introduction Coronoviridae consists of a group of RNA viruses named Coronaviruses (CoV). CoV is a non-segmented RNA virus that is enveloped [1]. Historically, they have caused varying forms of infections affecting humans and other mammals. HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1 are milder forms of the virus than SARS-CoV MERS-CoV, which have resulted in higher case fatality rates [2]. The genomic component of SARS-CoV-2 encodes four major structural proteins: spike (S), membrane (M), envelope (E), and nucleocapsid (N). Besides, it encodes numerous other nonstructural and accessory proteins. This virus’s pathogenicity is mainly dependent on virus-host interaction between the virus S protein and host membrane receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) [3]. The SARS-CoV-2 binding affinity with ACE2 is higher than other CoV species, resulting in higher transmission, replication, and virulence rate [4]. These features have caused SARS-CoV-2 to emerge as a global pandemic, making vaccine research an integral part of disease containment [5]. This article is aimed to give a detailed insight into the recent trends of diagnosis and therapeutic options for COVID-19. We further discuss the on-going vaccine trials and the challenges encountered in the investigational vaccine for COVID-19. Due to the rapidly evolving nature of COVID-19, the readers are requested to update themselves with the nature of change with this particular type of Coronavirus. 2.?Methodology A literature search was done in early December 2020. All the main databases such as Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar for the keywords Diagnostics or Therapeutics or Vaccines or Case management and COVID-19. All the relevant Tnfrsf10b articles published in 2020 since the epidemic (from January 1CDecember 4, 2020) with CHMFL-EGFR-202 available full text were collected, and the duplicates were removed. After assessing the articles based on the eligibility criteria, a total of 90 research articles (Metaanalysis-5; Clinical trials-32 and Systematic reviews-53) were included. No hand search was performed. We have sorted the publications into the three main sections: addressing 1) Diagnostics for COVID-19, 2) Therapeutics, and 3) Potential Vaccines for COVID-19. The significant findings and options found to be useful in the case management from various countries and clinical setups are described in the results section. The CHMFL-EGFR-202 literature search is depicted in the flow chart shown in Figure 1. Open in a separate window Figure 1. Flow chart for the literature search. 3.?Results 3.1. Diagnostic approaches for COVID-19 Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 CHMFL-EGFR-202 have predominantly presented with fever, cough, and malaise. Other symptoms targeting the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems have been documented based on the patient’s age and persisting comorbidities [6]. The non-specific clinical manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 provides a need for rapid diagnosis to have an effective control of this raging disease. This can be attained by sensitive and specific diagnostic tools such as gene sequencing, electron microscopy, and cell culture methods [7]. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been the most common rapid diagnostic test in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2, as it couples the principle of transcription and amplification, thereby providing a high specificity rate [8]. Specimens for virus detection vary from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and broncho-alveolar lavage, sputum to stool, urine, and blood, depending on the clinical manifestation of the patients [9]. Certain vital precautions to be taken while specimen collection are: 1) Personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential as the swab collection poses a high transmission risk due to close contact between the health.